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Friday, December 31, 2010

la DDM

 L’O.D.F
Disproportion entre la dimension des dents et la dimension des maxillaires ;
- Elle se décrit sous les formes de microdontie te de macrodontie relative.
I.2 Classification
I.2.1 Par excès ou par défaut
I.2.2 En fonction de la localisation (MERRIFIELD)
- Antérieure ;
- Latérale ;
- Postérieure.
I.2.3 En fonction de l’étiologie (CHATEAU)
1) Macrodontie relative typique : denture globalement trop grosse pour des maxillaires normaux ;
2) Macrodontie à prédominance incisive : l’excès de dimension MD concerne le groupe incisivo-canin ;
3) Endognathie constitutionnelle : le maxillaire est trop étroit pour une denture normale ;
4) Brachygnathie relative : la dent la plus distale qui évolue provoque une pression mésiale => DDM.
I.2.4 En fonction de la chronologie (SCHWARTZ)
· Encombrement type I : d’origine génétique ;
· Encombrement type II : d’origine environnementale (perte prématurée d’une lactéale, conséquence du Lee Way) ;
· Encombrement type III :
- croissance squelettique tardive => encombrement incisif ;
- évolution de M3 => encombrement ;
- augmentation de la tonicité labiale post-pubertaire.
I.2.5 En fonction de la dysmorphose associée
- Basale (cl. I, II et III de BALLARD) ;
- Alvéolaire (pro- rétro- endo- exo-alvéolies qui aggravent ou masquent la DDM) ;
- Dentaire (inclusion, agénésies, malpositions, …).
II. ETIOLOGIES
II.1 Discordance de croissance osseuse et de croissance dentaire (CAUHEPE)
1) indépendance phylogénique ;
2) indépendance génétique : pas de relation entre gènes codant pour la dimension maxillaires et la dimension des dents => possibilité de mécanismes d’hérédité croisée ;
3) indépendance embryologique : origine histologique différente. Apparition asynchrone ;
4) indépendance ontogénique :
- croissance dentaire dépend de l’hérédité ;
- croissance osseuse dépend des fonctions.
- Rotation mandibulaire antérieure : tendance incisives < à buter sur incisives > => encombrement incisives < ;
- Rotation mandibulaire postérieure : orientation et/ou éruption plus postérieure des incisives <.
II.2 Facteurs pathologiques
- Peuvent entraîner une diminution de taille des arcades :
1) carences vitaminiques ;
2) troubles endocriniens ;
3) infections locales (caries, infection péri-apex, …) ;
4) traumatismes ;
II.3 Facteurs neuro-musculaires
- Forces linguo-labio-juguale => croissance sagittale, croissance transversale ;
- Muscles abaisseurs et élévateurs => croissance verticale ;
- ó La direction de croissance (et la situation) est soumises aux fonctions oro-faciales.
II.4 Facteurs environnementaux
- L’environnement familial, socioculturel, écologique (régime alimentaire, …).
II.5 Facteurs iatrogènes
- Encombrement postérieur crée par FEO ;
- Ancrage mal contrôlé ;
- Extraction prématurée ;
- …
III. Evaluation de la DDM
- Elle est qualitative et quantitative ;
- Elle repose sur des critères :
- Cliniques ;
- Radiologique ;
- Céphalométrique.
III.1 Evaluation clinique de la DDM
III.1.1 La microdontie relative
- Nombreux diastèmes ;
- Dents de petites tailles ;
- Dents souvent en rotation (secteurs latéraux) ;
- Dès le stade de denture temporaire.
III.1.2 La macrodontie relative
III.1.2.1 Signes clinique exobuccaux
- Rapports entre les incisives et les lèvres : pro- retro- bipro – biretro-chéilie, béance labiale, contracture musculaires.
III.1.2.2 Signes endobuccaux
· En denture temporaire :
· Insuffisance ou absence de diastèmes dans la région incisivo-canine ;
· Signes souvent peu frappants ;
· Signes d’appel.
· En phase de constitution de denture mixte région postérieure :
· Diastème insuffisant après la chute lactéale ;
· M1 évolue en mésioversion dans la face distale de V ;
· Expulsion de 2 lactéales à l’éruption d’une définitive.
· En phase de constitution de denture mixte région antérieure :
Secteur incisif :
· Incisives occupent la plus grande partie de l’espace inter-canin ;
· Evolution des 2 en position ou version linguale ou palatine par rapport à la 1 ;
· Incisives en éventail ;
· Rhizalyse prématurée des 2 par la 3. (sur ??)
Secteur canin :
· Persistance de III + encombrement incisif + dénudation radiculaire de l’incisive la plus vestibulaire ;
· Expulsion unilatérale d’une III + encombrement + réduit + déviation des milieux inter-incisifs ;
· Expulsion de 2 III sans encombrement mais diminution ou disparition de l’espace nécessaire aux 3.
· En denture mixte stable :
· Les 4 incisives occupent la place des 3 ;
· Chevauchement, rotations, … des 4 incisives = signes de DDM.
· En denture adulte jeune :
· Evolution en version ou rotation ;
· Inclusion des C ;
· Enclavement ;
· Encombrement IC ;
· Dénudations ;
· Facettes d’abrasion ;
· SPEE accentuée.
· En denture adulte :
· Encombrement de classification III de SCHWARTZ ;
· Inclusions, enclavements des M3.
III.1.2.3 Signes occlusaux
· Déviations des centres ;
· Prématurités occlusales ;
· Déviation du chemin de fermeture ;
· Modifications des rapports sagittaux de cl. II et III ;
· Encombrements +/- marqués selon la profondeur de SPEE.
III.1.2.4 DDM et rapports dentaires
· Sagittal : Cl. I, II et III : 3 secteurs possibles ;
· Vertical : infraclusion, béances, supraclusion (encombrement incisif <). ;
· Transversal : diminution de l’espace disponible par endoalvéolie ou endognathie possible.
III.2 Evaluation radiologique de la DDM
- Par microdontie : apex quasi // en position pré-éruptive en panoramique ;
- Par macrodontie : Norma Latéralis – Latéral oblique – RA.
III.2.1 Norma Latéralis
III.2.1.1 Qualitatif
· Secteur incisif :
· 3 se superpose sur 4 et 2 au lieu d’être entre ;
· 3 > inclinée en avant et couronne masque apex des 2 ;
· Superposition complète des germes des 3 et incisives (mandibule ?) ;
· RICKETTS : germes de 3 sur corticale interne de la symphyse.
· Secteur latéral :
· Inclinaison antérieure des PM apparaissant incluses ou enclavées ;
· Superpositions de germes juxtaposés ;
· Superpositions entre germes 5 et racine de M1 ;
· Bouquet de germes 3-4-5 ;
· Secteur postérieur :
· Réduction de l’espace disponible des M2 et M3 ;
· Superposition des germes de M2 sur racine M1 ;
· Tables occlusales de M1, M2, M3 en courbe convexe, en arrière ;
· Pincement des racines de M1 par couronnes proximales ;
· M3 située en projection de la branche montante.
III.2.1.2 Quantitatif
· Analyse du sens vertical : + FMA est augmenté + rotation postérieure => + l’espace osseux disponible sera restreint ;
· Alpha et bêta de BOUVET : si diminue => présomption de DDM par excès ;
· Evaluation de RICKETTS :
· [face distale de M1> - plan ptérygoïdien vertical] : DDM post. si = âge patient + 3mm ;
· [Xi – face distale de M2] > 26mm => pas de DDM post ;
· [Xi – face distale de M2] < 20mm => présomption d’inclusion de M3 par DDM post.
III.2.2 Latéral oblique de 25°
- Détermination de la DDM post. (surtout M3) : CROCQUET.
III.2.3 Latéral oblique 18° et 25° de roulis
- Image Mlr est sans déformation => estimer DDM post.
III.2.4 Les clichés RA
· Largeur des couronnes des germes ;
· Diagnostic d’agénésie, de germes surnuméraires ;
· Confirme une DDM soupçonnée à la téléradiographie.
III.2.5 La panoramique
· Position des germes / apex / aux autres ;
· Degré de rhizalyse des lactéales ;
· Les images des apex en éventail ;
· Position des canines ;
· Orientation des tables occlusales ;
· Enclavement, Inclusion.
· Mais pas de diagnostic ferme sur DDM ou Agénésies.
III.2.6 Radiographie du poignet
- Permet de distinguer DDM transitoire d’une DDM réelle en confrontant âge osseux et âge dentaire.
III.3 Etude des moulages
· Secteur antéro-latéral :
· Indice de NANCE : [mésial M1 – mésial M1] = espace nécessaire + espace disponible + dents non évoluées mesurées sur RA ;
· Secteur postérieur :
· Indice de RICKETTS ;
· Indice de CHATEAU :
· P10 = (diamètre MD de 1 + 4)*4.7 (au maxillaire) ;
· P10 = (1+6)*3.85 ;
· P10 (1+4+6)*2.84.
· Indice dent / arcade de PONT (secteur incisif seul) : largeur maximum de l’arcade supérieure doit être égale à la moitié du diamètre bizygomatique osseux ;
· Indice arcade / face de largeur d’IZARD ;
· M3 : [espace rétro-molaire] < 8mm : défavorable.
III.4 Diagnostic différentiel
1) Anomalie d’inclinaison des PA d’origine neuro-musculaire :
a. Endo- et rétro-alvéolie peut créer ou aggraver un encombrement par diminution de l’espace disponible ;
b. Exo- et pro-alvéolie peut augmenter ou compenser en totalité ou en partie un manque de place. Peut aussi masquer une DDM.
2) Dysharmonie transitoire :
a. En denture mixte et disparaît spontanément :
b. Présence simultanée des dents les plus larges ;
c. [diamètre MD des IV et V]-[diamètre MD des 4 et 5] > 2mm = dysharmonie transitoire.
3) Discordance de maturation os – dent :
a. Retard important de la croissance osseuse / croissance dentaire.
4) Dysharmonie dento-dentaire (DDD)
- L’indice de BOLTON :
· Rapports d’ensemble des arcades complètes :
{E diamètre MD [36-46]}/{E diamètre MD [16-26]}>91.3 => dents mandibulaires trop large (et inverse) ;
· Rapports du groupe incisivo-canin :
{E diamètre MD [13-23]}/{E diamètre MD [14 à 16 + 24 à 26]}>77.2 => dents antérieures trop large (pareil à la mandibule).
5) Anomalies génétiques :
- T21 : Macrodontie, biproalvéolie avec diastèmes.
IV. Conséquences thérapeutiques de la DDM
IV.1 Objectif de traitement de la DDM :
1) Rétablir les contacts proximaux ;
2) Reconstruire une occlusion équilibrée.
IV.2 Principes de traitement
- Soit augmentation de l’espace disponible (pas d’extraction) ;
- Soit la diminution de l’espace nécessaire (extraction).
IV.3 La décision thérapeutique
- Se fait en fonction de :
1) Importance de la DDM (évaluation qualitative et quantitative) ;
2) Etiologie ;
3) Stade de croissance ;
4) Typologie ;
5) Formes cliniques ;
6) Etat dentaire ;
7) Profil.
IV.3.1 Facteurs quantitatifs
1) Le Lee Way :
a. 0.9 mm au maxillaire = 1.8 mm ;
b. 1.7 mm à la mandibule = 3.4 mm.
2) L’encombrement :
a. Mesure l’espace disponible (fil de laiton) ;
b. Mesure l’espace nécessaire (diamètre MD de 5 à 5) (?).
3) Le redressement incisif :
a. Quantité angulaire de redressement prévue = x*0.8mm par hémi-arcade.
4) La courbe d’occlusion :
a. Indice de BALDRIDGE :
D = (1/2)x{0.48x(Dr+Dl+0.5)} ;
5) Le redressement molaire :
a. S’évalue à la radiographie en simulant le mouvement de version dentaire.
IV.3.2 Facteurs qualitatifs
1) L’esthétique de profil :
· La position de l’incisive inférieure ;
· La lèvre supérieure varie en fonction de sa croissance et de la position des incisives maxillaires ;
· La lèvre inférieure … idem ;
· Recul de 1mm de la 1 => 1/3 à ½ mm de recul labial ;
o Les typologies mandibulaire de croissance : Rotation postérieure : extractions => affaissement de la HEI ;
o Rotation antérieure : contre indication des extractions.
· Facteurs esthétiques et formes cliniques : Extractions de monoradiculées pour DDM antérieure ont un impact esthétique défavorable. Cl. II div. 2 au profil rétrusif : Extraction peut accentuer ce profil.
1) Les facteurs neuro-musculaires :
o Le traitement se fait en fonction de l’équilibre neuro-musculaire et des fonctions oro-faciales ;
o Hypertonicité peut => une récidive ;
o Troubles ventilatoires => souvent endoalvéolie. A traiter avant.
o Levée de parafonction évite la récidive.
2) Les facteurs parodontaux :
o Hauteur de gencive attachée ;
o Epaisseur de la corticale interne ;
o Sujets à risque de maladie parodontale à traiter plutôt par expansion ;
o Santé parodontale est un objectif majeur dans le traitement des DDM.
IV.4 Les moyens thérapeutiques
IV.4.1 Les traitements préventifs
1) Encombrement type I : hygiène buccale, mainteneurs d’espace avec arc lingual et barre palatine, arc de NANCE ;
2) Encombrement type II : barre linguale de 3 à 3.
IV.4.2 Les traitements orthodontiques
1) La microdontie : multi-attaches pour fermeture des diastèmes mais récidive +++ => répartition des diastèmes pour que les rapports occlusaux soient équilibrés ;
2) La macrodontie : but = augmentation de l’espace disponible par expansion sagittale et transversale :
a. Meulage des bords proximaux : Stripping :
i. Encombrement type I : non favorable ;
1. utilisation du Lee Way ;
2. meulage surfaces mésiales des C, IV et V ;
3. pose d’un arc pour prévenir la diminution du périmètre d’arcade.
j. encombrement type II : expansion récidivante au maxillaire et limitée à la mandibule.
b. Distalisation des secteurs postérieurs :
1) Maxillaire : FEO, correction de cl. II et dérotation molaire ;
2) Mandibule : souvent localisation canine => need augmentation de largeur d’arcade en direction sagittale (???).
IV.4.3 Les extractions
1) Les extractions pilotées :
- Méthode interceptive pour éviter ou simplifier un traitement ODF par extractions successives de dents lactéales puis de permanentes dans un ordre prédéterminé :
- Indications :
- DDM > 6-7 mm ;
- Cl. I ;
- Normo- ou hyperdivergence.
- Contre-indications :
- cl. I, rétro-alvéolie, supraclusion ;
- cl. II div. 2 ;
- cl. III ;
- Hypodivergence.
- Il existe les méthodes de HOTZ, TWEED et DEWELL, BEGG.
2) Extractions en denture définitive :
- Décision en fonction :
- du diagnostic ;
- de l’état dentaire ;
- de la motivation ;
- de la forme clinique ;
- de l’équilibre esthétique.
- Permettent un gain d’espace ;
- ó moyen de décompensation des dysharmonies squelettiques en fonction du problème morphologique.
IV.5 Séquences de traitements
1) En denture mixte :
- Si DDM majeure : extractions pilotées des lactéales et PM ;
– Indications :
- DDM majeur > 4-5 mm par hémi-arcade ;
- Cl. I
- Normodivergent ;
- Pas de supraclusion.
Contre-indications :
- Les incisives s’alignent spontanément ;
- Problèmes parodontaux diminuent ;
- Racourcissement et simplification de la phase multi-attache ;
- Force naturelle pour mise en place des incisives ;
- Diminution du temps de contention.
2) En denture définitive :
- Cl. I : importance du repositionnement incisif et nivellement de SPEE.
Extractions 4 PM1 si DDM antérieure et biproalvéolie ;
Extractions 4 PM2 si DDM antérieure légère, profil rétrusif.
– Cl. II : extractions en fonction de l’importance de la DDM.
4 PM1 si encombrement incisif et repositionnement incisif ;
34/44/15/25 si cl. II div. 1 + DDM antérieure et latérale + surplomb ;
si cl. II div. 1 + DDM majeur à la mandibule ;
si cl. II div. 2 : 4 PM1 et 4 PM2 si DDM importante (BEGG).
– Cl. II hypodivergente : Edgewise : extraction 4 > pour repositionnement idéal des incisives > ;
extraction 5 <.
Cl. III : PM1 ou PM2. Ca dépend.
V. Pronostic
V.1 Sans traitement
1) Conséquences dentaires : rétention dentaire, caries, abrasions prématurées, fêlures, fractures ;
2) Conséquences parodontales : gingivite (hygiène difficile), dénudation, absence ou le manque de GA, proximité radiculaire ;
3) Conséquences fonctionnelles : prématurités, latérodéviations, proglissements ;
4) Conséquences esthétiques : le préjudice => troubles psychologiques.
V.2 Avec traitement
1) Stripping : caries proximales ;
2) Extraction :
a. Aggravation du profil concave ou de l’hypodivergence ;
b. Rupture de la continuité d’arcade ;
c. Problèmes pour la fermeture des espaces :
i. Obtenir le parallélisme des axes des racines dentaires ;
ii. Contraction de l’arcade et modification de l’ENM ;
iii. Réouverture partielle possible.
d. désordres occlusaux en cas d’abandon de traitement.
VI. Conclusion
- L’évaluation de la DDM se base sur des critères qualitatifs et quantitatifs et permettent d’établir un diagnostic ;
- Celui-ci est absolument indispensable pour toute décision thérapeutique ;
- Les traitements sont multiples et adopté en fonction du stade d’évolution, de la typologie, de la forme clinique squelettique.

L’O.D.F 
L’O.D.F
















MORE : http://www.lescoursdentaire.com/1808
POST :http://www.lescoursdentaire.com/1808



Saturday, December 25, 2010

Free e-commerce catalogs

Free e-commerce catalogs managed

https://sites.google.com/site/peoplink/_/rsrc/1228081810976/Home/people_working_on_computer.jpg?height=200&width=165 

Wednesday, February 03, 2010
Labels: ,
Guest post: Dan Salcedo is founder of the DC based international development organization OpenEntry, with the mission of helping small and medium enterprises (SMEs) worldwide benefit from the exciting new opportunities opened up by global e-commerce. Working with a team of volunteer developers, he built a catalog generator that enables SMEs in developing countries to create their own free e-commerce catalogs, managed via a Google spreadsheet.

Years ago, I noticed artisans in developing countries were selling their items to a long chain of middlemen that only paid them 10-15% of the final retail price, even through conventional fair trade channels. So I launched a non-profit organization to help artisans disintermediate all the middlemen by selling directly through e-commerce catalogs that they could create and manage themselves. We recently relaunched our OpenEntry catalog generator using a bunch of Google tools including Docs, Sites, Checkout, Picasa Web Albums, AdSense, and Apps Engine. And our User Manual, built on Google Sites, is full of YouTube videos. This enables us to offer totally free e-commerce catalogs (software, hosting, user support) to artisans and SMEs worldwide including the following:


www.NatureNepalHS.com
Nature Nepal-Herbal Care
Nepal

main.openentry.com/mereville
MerevilleyTrust
India

www.pupbd.org
Pollee Unnyon Prokolpo
Bangladesh
Each catalog is managed by filling out a Google spreadsheet with three sheets containing information on the company, products, and additional pages (see products sheet below).


The images are stored on Picasa Web Albums and sellers use Google Checkout (as well as PayPal and 2Checkout) to accept credit card payments. Google Sites helps users generate attractive HTML that can be added to some of the spreadsheet fields to improve aesthetics. Google App Engine reads the spreadsheet, then generates the catalog hosted on Google servers. These tools also made it surprisingly easy to enable OpenEntry catalogs to be managed with a smart phone.

Google recently added a feature enabling the ownership of their spreadsheets to be transferred to a third party, which makes it easy to transfer spreadsheets to the final SME vendor. This is very good news because it enables the OpenEntry User Support team in Nepal to set up catalogs and transfer ownership to the SME vendor who can then operate it securely. This also means we can now transfer blocks of catalog accounts to young, ambitious entrepreneurs anywhere in the developing world, enabling them to start their own legitimate enterprises. Even though the OpenEntry catalogs are free, the entrepreneurs can charge for setup, digital images, custom templates, training, maintenance, etc. And they can even do it from an Internet cafe until they can afford their own computer. This reinforces the conclusion of the United Nations Development Program evaluation of our platform (under its previous name, CatGen) that generated 4000 jobs for artisan women and "a relatively inexperienced group of young IT professionals" in Nepal.

Because this is a non-profit initiative, OpenEntry is seeking volunteers to help with a variety of technical tasks starting with template design.


Tuesday, December 21, 2010

How to Treat a Common Sore Throat

A sore throat is a common medical condition that can require some simple treatment.
A sore throat is a common medical condition that can require some simple treatment.
How to Treat a Common Sore Throat
A sore throat is a common medical condition also known as "pharyngitis." Sore throats can be caused by viruses, bacteria or substances such as alcohol, tobacco or pollutants. Sore throats that do not require antibiotics or other prescription medications can usually be self-treated by some simple interventions. The common "mild" sore throat is typically one which is slightly painful when swallowing, has a red/irritated appearance and may include a low-grade fever. This article will help you treat the simple sore throat at home.
Difficulty: Moderately Easy

Instructions

Things You'll Need:

  • Over-the-counter (OTC) pain killer and fever reducer
  • Warm salt water
  • Hard candy or lozenges
  1. 1
    Take an OTC pain killer and/or fever reducer such as acetaminophen (brand name: Tylenol), ibuprofen (brand names: Advil, Motrin, Nuprin) or naproxen (brand name: Aleve) to help with the ache and discomfort. These medications will also help bring down any fever you might have.
  2. 2
    Gargle and spit warm water (an 8-oz. glass) mixed with about 1 tsp. of table salt. Do not drink it! The warm salt water will bathe your throat, reduce the discomfort and assist in removing any exudate from the back of your throat.
  3. 3
    Drink plenty of clear liquids (warm, cool or room temperature--according to your likes and how it feels). Do not consume any food or liquids that cause irritation or coat the your throat, such as dairy products.
  4. 4
    Keep your mouth and mucus membranes moist by sucking on lozenges or hard candy (the less sugar, the better though!) You can also rinse out your mouth with clear, warm water.


Read more: How to Treat a Common Sore Throat | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_2195065_treat-common-sore-throat.html#ixzz18kgvw0RK

How to Attach Snow Plows to Cars

updated:
It takes only the right hitch to connect a personal snow plow to your vehicle. 
It takes only the right hitch to connect a personal snow plow to your vehicle.
blizzard of 2006 image by Cora Reed from Fotolia.com
There was a time when you had to wait for a snow plow to show up at your home to clear your driveway. Otherwise, you could not get your mired vehicle out of the snow to get to work or the grocery store. Today, snow plows have become available to the public for installation on their vehicles. For a rear mounted snow plow that installs in seconds, you only have to back you vehicle out of the driveway to clear a path. This works well for vehicles that have hitch receivers already installed. The do-it-yourself repair person can install his own receiver on the back or front of his vehicle and attach a personal snow plow.

Difficulty:
Moderate

Instructions

Things You'll Need:

  • Vehicle owner's manual
  • Floor jack
  • Jack stands
  • Wire brush
  • WD-40
  • Receiver hitch kit
  • Socket set
  • Torque wrench
  • Snow plow
  • Felt pen
  • Hammer
  • Drift punch
  • Drill motor
  • Drill bits
  • Nuts, bolts, spacers and lock washers
    • 1
      Refer to your owner's manual to find out if you have trailer hitch mounting holes in the rear of your vehicle. Most vehicles have been manufactured for an optional trailer hitch receiver. You can also visit a trailer supply and indicate your vehicle year, make and model for the determination of a compatible aftermarket hitch receiver. You will require a bolt-on hitch receiver that has a two-inch flat block for the rear of your car. Purchase a front-mount two-inch receiver if you wish to mount the hitch to the front of an SUV or truck.
    • 2
      Place the vehicle in park or neutral with the emergency brake set. Use a floor jack to lift up the rear of the vehicle high enough to place two jack stands under the frame in front of the rear wheels. The jack stands should be stable and in the locked position. Slide under the vehicle and locate the mounting holes for your receiver hitch. There should be three or four on each side of the frame. Clean the holes out with a conical wire brush and WD-40.
    • 3
      Make certain no obstructions sit in the way of the hitch receiver, like a muffler hanger or a wiring harness. Pull the receiver hitch under the vehicle and have an assistant help you lift it up to align the bolt holes. Start on one end, running one kit bolt into the threads by hand.
    • 4
      Go to the other side and insert another bolt in by hand. Push and tilt the receiver hitch frame until you have all the bolts started. Tighten bolts until you have them moderately snug. Use a torque wrench to tighten the receiver hitch bolts, according to the directions supplied with the hitch. Use the floor jack to lift the vehicle and remove the jack stands. Use your assistant to lift the snow up into position and shove it forward into the receiver hitch slot. Insert the lock in the receiver hitch frame to lock the plow into place.
    • 5
      Use your assistant and a floor jack to lift the receiver hitch up against the rear frame of the vehicle for the custom mount hitch. Make sure to align it squarely and evenly. Use a felt pen to mark the drill holes in the frame through the receiver hitch mounting holes. Lower the hitch. Use a drift punch and hammer to make a tap mark on the hole locations. Use a drill motor and bit to drill each of the holes, making sure you have the correct diameter bit for the bolt size.
    • 6
      Have your assistant help you lift the receiver hitch up into position. Place a bolt with a spacer down through the top of the frame and place a lock washer and nut on the end of the bolt. Move to the other side and do the same for another hole. Place all the bolts through the frame and twist the lock washers and nuts by hand.
    • 7
      Tighten the nuts with a socket and wrench, just snug enough to hold the hitch firmly. Finish tightening the nuts with a torque wrench, according to the hitch directions. Use the floor jack to lift the vehicle and remove the jack stands. Have your assistant help you lift the snow plow into position. Push the snow plow into the receiver block and push the locking pin into place.


Read more: How to Attach Snow Plows to Cars | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_7663671_attach-snow-plows-cars.html#ixzz18kgWdbjd

What to Look for in Motorcycle Helmet Radio Communications

A portable CB is one option for your motorcycle helmet communications device.
A portable CB is one option for your motorcycle helmet communications device.
radio image by Allyson Ricketts from Fotolia.com
You might think you only have two choice for your motorcycle helmet communications: Radio and Bluetooth. However, you can choose one of many types of communications from the "radio" category alone. Ensure you know what they are before buying your motorcycle communications radio.

    Types

  1. Radio communications for motorcycle helmets come in a variety of forms. One is Citizens Band, known as CB. Another is Frequency Modulation, abbreviated as FM. This sounds as clear as standard FM radio only it uses a narrower frequency, according to Intercoms Online. Two other types, the Family Radio Service and General Mobile Radio Service, act more like walkie talkies both in sound and distance.
  2. Range

  3. Not all motorcycle radio communications will reach the same distances. When you buy your helmet radio, pay attention not only to how far the maximum range is but also how well communications will reach with obstructions around. These obstructions can include hills, buildings and pouring rain.
  4. Special Features

  5. Take into account where you will be driving when using your radio. If you'll be in the rain much, buy a water-resistant set. Also consider if you want your radio to be voice-activated or switch-activated. Finally, decide whether you want your radio to fit entirely in your helmet or attach partly to your motorcycle, and ensure that your helmet has room to fit the radio.


Read more: What to Look for in Motorcycle Helmet Radio Communications | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_7663289_look-motorcycle-helmet-radio-communications.html#ixzz18kgDnUNW

Nokia Has Apple’s Moves, but Not Its Timing

Jubak's Picks
Monday, December 20, 2010
Nokia Has Apple’s Moves, but Not Its Timing
Nokia (NYSE: NOK) wants to be the other cell phone maker besides Apple (Nasdaq: AAPL) to make a profit and have control over its business.
Now if the company could just get its new phone, the E7, out the door.
The success of Apple’s iPhone is built on the extraordinary power that controlling both the software and the hardware gives Apple. The company can make sure everything works together because it decides what gets on the platform and what doesn’t. No lame pre-installed apps from cell phone service providers. No word-processing software that works differently in different programs on the same phone. No graphics that only kind of work.
Nokia is aiming for the same business model.
In early November, the company decided to take full and sole control of the Symbian operating system for smart phones. To a degree Nokia had no choice. Its partners in the Symbian Foundation set up to oversee the software, Samsung and Sony-Ericsson, had abandoned the platform for Google’s Android. But Nokia decided that it would make the best of the hand it had been dealt: By taking over full control of the software, the company could customize the next version of the software for its new products and use it to develop a next-generation operating system called MeeGo.
MeeGo is still scheduled to be introduced in 2011, but on December 14, Nokia announced that its new smart phone, designed to close some of the smart phone gap with not just Apple, but also Samsung and HTC, would miss the Christmas buying season completely. The phone won’t hit stores until early 2011.
The delay isn’t a killer for either the E7 or for Nokia, but it sure doesn’t do anything to help the company to regain momentum in the market. (Nokia’s last major smart phone, the N8, also hit the market late.) Nokia still owned 37% of the global smart phone market as of the end of the third quarter, but that was down from 45% in the third quarter of 2009.
Smart phone sales rose by 96% in the third quarter of 2010 from a year earlier and accounted for 20% of the overall cell phone market. That overall market grew by 35% in the third quarter.
I think Nokia does have a future. (Which is why it remains in my Jubak Picks 50 portfolio.) The company does know how to manufacture phones. They will eventually get the design right. And 37% of the smart phone market is something they can build on.
But I’d wait a bit yet on Nokia’s shares. I know the stock is down 37% from the April 5 closing high, but I think the arrival of the E7 in stores will unleash another round of negative press: The phone was late. It doesn’t stack up. The Symbian operating system doesn’t cut it. And on and on. The 52-week low is $8. I think there’s a good chance you’ll be able to get the stock for $8.50. And then even a recovery to $10 would represent an 18% gain.
Full disclosure: I don’t own shares of any of the companies mentioned in this post in my personal portfolio. The mutual fund I manage, Jubak Global Equity Fund (JUBAX), may or may not now own positions in any stock mentioned in this post. The fund did not own shares of Nokia as of the end of November. For a full list of the stocks in the fund as of the end of November, see the fund’s portfolio here.
Related Reading:
20 Soaring Stocks That Are Still Undervalued


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The First Post : http://www.moneyshow.com/investing/Jubak_Picks_Portfolio.asp?aid=Jubak_Picks-21610 

Saturday, December 18, 2010

Quick Case Study: Steve Selengut

The 18th edition in a series of posts that highlight one Expert Author who has achieved success by doing just one thing exceptionally well.
Steve Selengut has built up his article inventory by using 1-on-1 interactions with real business owners as inspiration.
Steve’s passion is helping investors overcome the many challenges they face. When a solution or strategy he’s shared works for his audience, he is driven to write even more.
Steve says, “I want my readers to love the content based on their ability to understand and use what they have read. I don’t want readers; I want people to use, apply and enjoy what my articles contain. I’m in the business of helping people (in part through articles), not in the business of writing volumes of articles. When a new topic is identified that a business owner would benefit from, I write on it.” He continues, “I write long articles, sometimes up to 1,200 words, as quality of my articles is more relevant than sheer number of articles.”
Extra Dimension to his Communication Plan
Article writing and marketing adds a dimension to Steve’s communication plan. It enhances his credibility and connects interested people with his website.
“Article writing is a small part of a multi-tiered marketing plan my company uses, but an important one,” he says. Reading and writing articles also helps Steve to keep abreast of the hot topics in the field of investing.
“Mother of Improvement”
In addition to the writing direction Steve gets from his real business relationships, he also treasures feedback he gets about the impact of his existing articles. “I like seeing the number of new readers, and I like the [monthly reports that] come through by email.” He continues, “These give me an excellent idea as to what the responses to articles are. Feedback is the mother of improvement.”
Statistical data for each existing article, like the click-through rate, gives Steve ideas on how to focus his efforts. It gives him ideas for what to do, and what not to do, in the future.
Steve passed along these (5) tips for improving your article writing and marketing in the future.
  1. Focus On Quality – Don’t set out writing an article with the goal of writing to the minimum word requirement and just have your article accepted. Instead, have the goal of sharing quality content that’s truly useful to your target audience. The small time investment to make the content great is sure to pay off.
     
  2. Exponential Power of Great Content – If every one of your readers loves the information you’ve shared, think about what happens when that initial group of people passes on your content to other people they think would be interested in it. The Internet is all about sharing and that pass-along factor plays an important role when the content is great.
     
  3. Think Like Your Target Audience – What types of challenges do they face in their everyday life? If you can answer that question with a list of challenges, use that list of challenges to write a whole set of original articles. This is a quick way to write articles focused on topics that your target audience is looking for.
     
  4. Use Available Data – Investigating the article analytics reports on your account can give feedback on exactly what strategies are working for you. It lets you see how many people are actually influenced by the information and it can give you the beginnings of a road-map to your future writing plans.
     
  5. Share With Others – Getting more people to see your articles increases your chances the article will be picked up and republished on other sites. When an article gets picked up, it creates one more access point for that information, and that can really help your traffic.
Use these tips today to write your next set of high-quality, original articles for more traffic back to your website or blog. Also, leave a comment to share one or more of your “Do’s” and “Don’ts” for article writing.

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